Ancient civilisations from the Eurasian Steppes domesticated the horse prior to 3500 BC, with some tribes practicing nomadic pastoralism, developing the chariot, wagon, cavalry and horse archery. The Scythian cultures emerged around the 9th century BC among the Eurasian nomads, with some researchers claiming that the alleged lost tribes of Israel migrated northward, over the Caucasus, and became the Scythians, Cimmerians and Goths, as well as the progenitors of the later Germanic invaders of Britain. Europe, named after the Phoenician princess Europa, was exposed to several waves of invasions by horse people.

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